If you own a Brussels Griffon, you already know they are charming, expressive little dogs with big personalities. But like many purebred dogs, they come with a list of inherited health problems that every owner should understand. This article covers the most common issues so you can keep an eye out and act early.
Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome
Brussels Griffons are brachycephalic, meaning they have a shortened skull and flat face. This conformation leads to Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome (BAS), which includes narrowed nostrils (stenotic nares), an elongated soft palate, and sometimes a collapsed trachea. Symptoms include noisy breathing, snoring, gagging, and difficulty exercising, especially in hot or humid weather. Owners should avoid intense exercise and keep their Griffon cool. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to widen the nostrils or shorten the soft palate. If your dog struggles to breathe, faints, or has blue gums, seek emergency vet care.
Eye Problems
Because their eyes are large and prominent, Brussels Griffons are prone to several eye conditions:
- Cherry Eye: Prolapse of the third eyelid gland, creating a red mass at the inner corner. It can be surgically corrected.
- Cataracts: Cloudiness of the lens that can lead to blindness if untreated. Surgery is an option.
- Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): A degenerative disease that slowly causes vision loss. There is no cure, but dogs adapt well.
- Corneal Ulcers: Scratches or injuries to the cornea, which can become infected. Symptoms include squinting, tearing, and pawing at the eye. Immediate vet care is needed to prevent rupture.
Regularly check your Griffon’s eyes for redness, cloudiness, or discharge. Wipe away tear stains gently with a damp cloth. Annual eye exams by a veterinary ophthalmologist are recommended.
Joint and Bone Issues
Patellar Luxation: The kneecap slips out of place, causing a skipping gait or sudden lameness. Mild cases may resolve on their own, but severe or recurrent luxation may require surgery. Keep your dog at a healthy weight to reduce stress on the joints.
Hip Dysplasia: The hip joint doesn’t fit snugly, leading to arthritis and pain. Signs include limping, reluctance to jump, and bunny-hopping while running. Treatment includes weight management, joint supplements, and anti-inflammatory medication. In severe cases, surgery may be needed. Responsible breeders screen for hip dysplasia.
Dental Issues
Small breeds often have overcrowded teeth, leading to tartar buildup, gingivitis, and tooth loss. Brussels Griffons are no exception. Brush your dog’s teeth daily with a pet-safe toothpaste and provide dental chews. Regular professional cleanings under anesthesia are essential. Watch for bad breath, red gums, or difficulty eating, and consult your vet.
Skin Allergies and Infections
Griffons can develop allergies to food, pollen, or dust mites, causing itching, ear infections, and hot spots. Signs include excessive scratching, licking paws, and recurrent skin infections. Work with your vet to identify triggers. Treatment may include hypoallergenic diets, antihistamines, and medicated shampoos. Keep their facial folds clean and dry to prevent yeast or bacterial infections.
Other Health Concerns
- Portosystemic Shunt (Liver Shunt): A birth defect where blood bypasses the liver, causing toxins to build up. Symptoms include poor growth, seizures, and behavioral changes. Surgery or dietary management may be required.
- Syringomyelia and Chiari-like Malformation: These are neurological conditions more common in Cavalier King Charles Spaniel but seen in Griffons too. Pressure on the brain and spinal cord causes pain, scratching at the neck, and wobbliness. Diagnosis requires MRI. Treatment includes medication or surgery.
What You Can Do
- Buy from a responsible breeder who screens for these conditions.
- Schedule regular vet checkups, at least annually.
- Feed a high-quality diet appropriate for small breeds.
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Groom regularly, including cleaning facial folds and ears.
- Provide mental and physical stimulation without overexertion.
Always consult your veterinarian if you notice any changes in your dog’s behavior, appetite, or mobility. Early detection makes a huge difference in managing health problems.
Final Thoughts
Brussels Griffons are wonderful companions, but they require attentive care to stay healthy. By knowing the common issues and being proactive, you can help your Griffon live a long, happy life. Your vet is your best partner in this journey.
Key Takeaway
Regular veterinary care and early intervention for brachycephalic, eye, and joint issues are crucial for keeping your Brussels Griffon healthy.