Common Health Issues in Maltese Dogs
Dental Problems
Maltese are prone to dental disease due to their small mouths and crowded teeth. Plaque builds up quickly, leading to gingivitis, tooth decay, and tooth loss. You may notice bad breath, red gums, or difficulty eating. Daily tooth brushing with a dog-safe toothpaste is ideal. If that’s not possible, dental chews and water additives can help. Schedule professional dental cleanings as your vet recommends. Without care, dental infections can affect the heart and kidneys.
Luxating Patella
The kneecap slides out of place, causing a skip or hop in the step. This is common in small breeds. Mild cases may only cause occasional lameness, while severe cases require surgery. Keep your Maltese at a healthy weight to reduce strain on the knees. Avoid jumping off furniture; use pet stairs or ramps. If you see your dog holding a leg up or skipping, consult your vet for diagnosis and treatment options.
Eye Conditions
Maltese are susceptible to tear stains, which are reddish-brown marks below the eyes from excessive tearing. Regular cleaning with a damp cloth can help. More serious issues include progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) leading to blindness, and glaucoma causing painful pressure. Watch for eye redness, cloudiness, or rubbing. Any eye change warrants a vet visit.
Skin Allergies
Allergies to food, pollen, or dust mites cause itchy skin, ear infections, and hair loss. You may see your Maltese scratching, licking paws, or rubbing its face. A hypoallergenic diet, omega-3 supplements, and regular baths with a gentle shampoo can soothe symptoms. For persistent issues, your vet may recommend allergy testing or medication.
White Shaker Syndrome
This condition causes tremors, especially in white dogs like Maltese. The exact cause is unknown but may involve stress or excitement. Tremors stop when resting. No cure exists, but it’s not painful. Reducing stress and providing a calm environment helps. Severe cases may need medication from your vet.
Collapsing Trachea
The windpipe flattens, causing a honking cough, especially when excited or pulling on a leash. Use a harness instead of a collar. Keep your Maltese calm and avoid triggers like smoke or overheating. Weight management and cough suppressants from your vet can manage symptoms.
Portosystemic Shunt (Liver Shunt)
A congenital condition where blood bypasses the liver, leading to toxin buildup. Signs include stunted growth, seizures, or excessive drooling. Diagnosis requires blood tests and imaging. Treatment may involve dietary changes and medication, or surgery in severe cases. Early detection is vital.
Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)
Small puppies are prone to low blood sugar, causing weakness, disorientation, or collapse. Feed your Maltese multiple small meals daily and keep honey or syrup on hand in emergencies. Rub it on the gums and call your vet immediately.
Preventive Care Tips
Regular vet checkups are essential to catch issues early. Brush your Maltese’s teeth daily, clean tear stains, and check for lumps or skin changes. Maintain a healthy diet and prevent obesity, which exacerbates many conditions. Use a harness to protect the trachea. Provide mental stimulation and a calm home environment to reduce stress. Always consult your vet before starting any new treatment or supplement. Your proactive care can help your Maltese live a long, happy life.
Key Takeaway
Proactive care, including daily dental hygiene, weight management, and regular vet checkups, can help manage common Maltese health issues and improve their quality of life.