Understanding the Unique Havanese Coat
I often see Havanese dogs and one of the first things owners mention is their beautiful hair. It is important to understand that the Havanese possesses a double coat. This means they have a soft, insulating undercoat protected by a longer, silkier outer coat. Unlike many other breeds, the Havanese coat lacks an undercoat that sheds seasonally. Instead, their hair grows continuously, much like human hair.
This continuous growth cycle is why they are often referred to as hypoallergenic, because they shed less dander into the environment. However, this trait also means that without regular intervention, loose hair becomes trapped in the undercoat. As the dog moves and plays, this trapped hair weaves into tight knots that eventually become mats close to the skin. These mats can pull on the skin, causing discomfort, and can even harbor infections by trapping moisture and bacteria against the body. As a responsible owner, recognizing the nature of this coat is the first step toward proper grooming.
Establishing a Daily Brushing Routine
The most critical aspect of Havanese ownership is a consistent brushing routine. I advise my clients to brush their Havanese at least every other day, and ideally every day. It is not merely about making them look fluffy; it is about their physical health. To brush effectively, you will need a high quality pin brush and a stainless steel greyhound comb.
The technique used is arguably more important than the tools themselves. We call this line brushing. Part the hair starting at the base of the tail or the middle of the back, and brush a small section downward. Once that section is tangle free, part the hair again slightly above the brushed area and repeat until you have worked your way up the dog’s body. Do not forget the areas friction is likely to cause knots, such as behind the ears, in the armpits, and where the collar sits.
After you have brushed the entire coat with the pin brush, you must use the comb. The comb is your truth teller. Run it through the coat all the way to the skin. If the comb glides through, you have done your job well. If it snags, there are still tangles hiding near the skin that need attention. Neglecting this step often leads to hidden mats that require shaving off later, which is something most owners want to avoid.
Bathing and Drying Techniques
Bathing a Havanese usually needs to happen every three weeks or so, depending on their lifestyle. If they are playing in the mud or spending time hiking, they will need a bath sooner. Always use a mild, dog specific shampoo formulated for dogs to maintain the pH balance of their skin. Human shampoos can be too harsh and may cause dryness or irritation.
Before wetting the dog, ensure they are completely brushed out. Water acts as a catalyst for mats. If you wash a dog with even a few small tangles, the water will cause them to tighten into solid felt that cannot be brushed out. Once the coat is wet, Apply shampoo gently and rinse thoroughly. Leftover soap residue can cause itching.
The drying process is just as important as the washing. Many owners make the mistake of letting the Havanese air dry. This is a recipe for disaster, as it can cause the hair to shrink and mat against the skin. Instead, use a blow dryer on a cool or warm setting, never hot. Brush the hair while drying, lifting the hair away from the skin to ensure the undercoat dries completely. This method also helps add volume to the coat, keeping it off the skin and preventing future tangles.
Eyes, Ears, and Dental Hygiene
Beyond the coat, the Havanese has specific needs regarding their eyes, ears, and teeth. Due to their large, expressive eyes, Havanese are prone to tear staining. While sometimes genetic, it is often related to debris or irritants. Wipe the area around the eyes daily with a damp cloth or a product recommended by your veterinarian to keep it clean and dry. If you notice redness, swelling, or excessive discharge, please consult your veterinarian, as these can be signs of an eye infection or blocked tear ducts.
Because they have drop ears that do not get much airflow, Havanese are also prone to ear infections. Check their ears weekly for wax buildup or odor. Clean the outer ear only with a vet approved cleaner and cotton ball. Never insert a cotton swab into the ear canal.
Finally, dental health is often overlooked in small breeds. The Havanese has a relatively small jaw which can lead to overcrowding of teeth and plaque buildup. Regular brushing with dog safe toothpaste is the gold standard. If not brushed, plaque turns into tartar, leading to periodontal disease. Periodontal disease can be painful and can affect the heart, liver, and kidneys over time. If you cannot brush daily, dental chews and veterinary cleanings are necessary to maintain their overall health.
Key Takeaway
Consistent daily brushing using the line brushing method and proper drying techniques are essential to prevent painful matting and maintain the skin health of your Havanese.