Papillon: Common Health Problems to Watch For

Papillons are generally a healthy, long-lived breed, but like all dogs, they have a few hereditary and common health issues to watch for. Being proactive can help you catch problems early and keep your butterfly-eared companion happy.

Patellar Luxation: The Trick Knee

Patellar luxation is the most common orthopedic problem in Papillons. The kneecap slips out of its groove, causing a skip or hop in the step. Symptoms include intermittent lameness, a sudden yelp, or holding up a leg. Many mild cases resolve on their own, but recurrent or severe luxation may require surgery. Keep your Papillon at a healthy weight to reduce stress on the joints, and avoid high-impact activities like jumping off furniture. If you notice limping, consult your veterinarian for an exam and possible X-rays.

Dental Disease: Small Mouth, Big Issues

Papillons are prone to dental problems due to their small mouths and crowded teeth. Plaque builds up quickly, leading to gingivitis, periodontal disease, and tooth loss. Signs include bad breath, red gums, difficulty eating, or pawing at the mouth. Brush your Papillon’s teeth daily with a dog-safe toothpaste, provide dental chews, and schedule professional cleanings as recommended by your vet. Untreated dental disease can affect the heart, kidneys, and overall health.

Eye Conditions: Keep an Eye on Those Beautiful Eyes

Papillons can develop several eye issues:
– Cataracts: Cloudiness in the lens, leading to vision loss. Look for a bluish or white haze in the eye. Surgery can restore sight.
– Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): A genetic condition that causes gradual blindness. Night blindness is often the first sign. There is no cure, but dogs adapt well if their environment stays consistent.
– Dry Eye (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca): Reduced tear production causes red, sticky eyes. Your vet can prescribe artificial tears or medication.
Regular eye exams help catch these early. If you notice squinting, discharge, or changes in vision, see a veterinary ophthalmologist.

Luxating Patella and Other Orthopedic Issues

Besides kneecaps, Papillons may have other orthopedic concerns like Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (hip joint deterioration) or intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). Symptoms include back pain, weakness, or reluctance to move. Use a harness instead of a collar to protect the neck, and provide ramps for furniture. Any sudden pain or paralysis is an emergency.

Allergies and Skin Sensitivities

Papillons can develop allergies to food, pollen, or flea bites. Symptoms include itching, redness, hair loss, or recurrent ear infections. Work with your vet to identify triggers through elimination diets or allergy testing. Regular grooming and flea prevention help manage symptoms.

When to See a Veterinarian

Contact your vet if your Papillon shows any of these signs:
– Limping or favoring a leg
– Bad breath, red gums, or loose teeth
– Cloudy eyes, squinting, or eye discharge
– Excessive scratching, licking, or ear problems
– Changes in appetite, thirst, or energy level

Your veterinarian is your best partner for diagnosis and treatment. Never give human medications without guidance. With regular vet checkups, good nutrition, and preventative care, your Papillon can enjoy a long, healthy life.

Key Takeaway

Routine vet checkups, daily teeth brushing, and weight management are the most effective ways to prevent and catch common Papillon health issues early.

Sources

AKC
ASPCA

Frequently asked questions

Do Papillons have breathing problems like other small breeds?

Unlike brachycephalic breeds, Papillons have a normal muzzle and rarely suffer from breathing issues. However, keep them cool in hot weather and avoid obesity.

How can I prevent patellar luxation in my Papillon?

Keep your dog at a healthy weight, avoid excessive jumping onto hard surfaces, and use ramps instead of stairs. Early detection by your vet can help manage mild cases.

What are the first signs of dental disease in Papillons?

Bad breath is often the first sign. Look for yellowish tartar on teeth, red or swollen gums, difficulty chewing, or pawing at the mouth. Regular brushing helps prevent it.

Are Papillons prone to eye infections?

They can be prone to dry eye and other conditions. Symptoms include discharge, squinting, or redness. Have your vet check eyes annually and seek immediate care for sudden vision changes.