A resting horse has a temperature of about 37 to 38 C, a heart rate of 28 to 44 beats per minute, and 8 to 16 breaths per minute, with moist salmon-pink gums. Learn these on a healthy day so you spot changes.
Temperature
Take temperature with a thermometer in the rectum, standing safely to one side. Normal is roughly 37 to 38 C for an adult horse at rest. A raised temperature suggests infection or pain, while a very low one can signal shock, so it is one of the most useful single readings.
Pulse and heart rate
A resting horse’s heart rate is about 28 to 44 beats per minute. Feel it under the jaw, behind the elbow, or with a stethoscope, counting for 15 seconds and multiplying by four. A persistently high resting rate can indicate pain, fever or distress and is a key sign in conditions like colic.
Breathing
Count breaths by watching the flank or nostrils, aiming for 8 to 16 per minute at rest. Fast, laboured or noisy breathing that does not settle can point to pain, heat stress or a respiratory problem, especially if the horse has not just exercised.
Gums and hydration
Healthy gums are moist and salmon pink, and pressing briefly should see colour return within about two seconds. Pale, dark, or tacky gums, and a slow skin pinch on the neck, suggest dehydration or circulatory problems. Keep a thermometer and notes in your first aid kit.
Know normal first
The real value comes from knowing your own horse’s normal figures, since individuals vary. Take readings on a calm, healthy day and note them down. Then, if something seems wrong, you can compare and give your vet accurate, time-saving information.
