Many horse owners believe that horses with ulcers must avoid all legumes, including alfalfa, due to its high calcium content. However, this is a misconception. Alfalfa hay can actually be beneficial for horses with gastric ulcers, as it provides a buffering effect against stomach acid due to its higher calcium and protein content compared to grass hay.
Our editorial team emphasizes that the key is to understand the type of ulcer. Alfalfa is generally safe and even recommended for horses with squamous gastric ulcers, but it may not be ideal for those with glandular ulcers, where a low-starch, high-fiber diet is preferred. Always consult with a veterinarian to tailor the diet to the individual horse’s condition.
Understanding Ulcers in Horses and the Role of Alfalfa
Gastric ulcers in horses are common, especially in performance horses, due to stress, intermittent feeding, and high-grain diets. The stomach is divided into two regions: the squamous mucosa (upper) and the glandular mucosa (lower). Squamous ulcers are often caused by acid splash, while glandular ulcers are associated with inflammation and impaired mucosal defenses.
Alfalfa hay is a legume with higher calcium and protein than grass hays. Calcium acts as a natural buffer, raising stomach pH and reducing acid damage to the squamous region. Studies have shown that feeding alfalfa hay can decrease the severity of squamous ulcers compared to grass hay alone.
However, for glandular ulcers, the high calcium and protein in alfalfa may not be as beneficial. Some veterinarians recommend a diet low in non-structural carbohydrates and high in fiber, such as grass hay, for these cases. The individual horse’s ulcer type, severity, and overall management should guide the diet.
Feeding Alfalfa to Horses with Ulcers: Practical Considerations
When feeding alfalfa to a horse with ulcers, consider the form and amount. Alfalfa hay, cubes, or pellets can be used, but hay is preferred for its long-stem fiber, which encourages chewing and saliva production. Saliva contains bicarbonate that helps buffer stomach acid.
Introduce alfalfa gradually to avoid digestive upset. For a typical 1,000-pound horse, start with a few pounds per day mixed with grass hay, increasing slowly. Monitor the horse’s condition and manure consistency.
Alfalfa is higher in calories, so adjust grain or other feeds to maintain appropriate weight. Horses with ulcers should have free-choice access to forage to keep the stomach filled and reduce acid exposure. Avoid long periods without food.
Other Dietary and Management Strategies for Ulcer-Prone Horses
Diet alone is not enough; management is crucial. Provide turnout as much as possible, as movement and grazing reduce stress and acid buildup. Feed multiple small meals rather than one or two large ones.
Include other ulcer-friendly feeds such as beet pulp, which is low in starch and high in fiber, and soaked hay cubes to increase water intake. Avoid high-sugar grains, molasses, and excessive corn or oats.
Supplements like probiotics, prebiotics, and omega-3 fatty acids may support gut health, but always consult a veterinarian before adding any supplement. Regular veterinary check-ups and endoscopic exams help monitor ulcer status.