Many cockatoo owners mistake early signs of illness for normal behavior, such as increased sleeping or fluffed feathers. Our editorial team has seen that these birds are masters at hiding sickness until it is advanced, so knowing subtle changes is critical. Cockatoos are highly intelligent and social, and any deviation from their usual routines or vocalizations warrants a closer look.
Because cockatoos are prone to specific health issues like psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) and fatty liver disease, recognizing symptoms early can save their lives. Unlike dogs or cats, cockatoos often show illness through feather condition, droppings, and breathing patterns. This guide focuses on real, species-specific signs that every cockatoo owner should watch for.
Changes in Droppings and Appetite
One of the first indicators of illness in cockatoos is a change in their droppings. Normal droppings consist of a green or brown solid portion, clear urine, and white urates. If you notice runny, discolored, or unusually smelly droppings, or a lack of droppings altogether, this could signal infection, liver problems, or digestive issues. Cockatoos are especially prone to bacterial infections like psittacosis, which can cause green or yellow droppings.
Loss of appetite is another red flag. Cockatoos are usually enthusiastic eaters, especially for fresh fruits and vegetables. If your cockatoo refuses favorite foods like apple or corn, or shows disinterest in its formulated diet, it may be unwell. Weight loss can be rapid in small birds, so weighing your cockatoo weekly on a kitchen scale is a good practice. Conversely, increased thirst or polyuria (excess urine in droppings) can indicate kidney disease or diabetes, which cockatoos can develop.
Feather and Skin Abnormalities
Cockatoos are known for their beautiful crests and soft feathers, but feather condition often mirrors internal health. Fluffed, ruffled, or constantly puffed feathers can mean your cockatoo is trying to conserve heat due to fever or illness. Bald patches, especially on the head or wings, may indicate feather destructive behavior, which is often stress-related but can also stem from skin infections or parasites like mites. Cockatoos are particularly prone to self-plucking when bored or ill.
Watch for changes in the beak and nails. Overgrowth, cracks, or discoloration of the beak can signal nutritional deficiencies or liver disease. The skin around the eyes and cere (the fleshy area above the beak) should be smooth and clean. Redness, swelling, or discharge could indicate sinusitis or respiratory infection, common in cockatoos due to their sensitive respiratory systems. Also check for any lumps or swellings under the skin, which may be abscesses or tumors.
Behavioral and Respiratory Signs
Cockatoos are vocal, active birds. A sudden decrease in vocalizations, or a change in the pitch or frequency of their calls, often signals illness. Lethargy, where the bird sits at the bottom of the cage or perches with drooping wings, is a serious sign. Cockatoos may also become unusually aggressive or withdrawn when sick, as they feel vulnerable. Watch for tail bobbing, which indicates labored breathing, and open-mouth breathing at rest, a sign of respiratory distress.
Respiratory infections are common in cockatoos due to their dust-producing feathers (powder down). Symptoms include sneezing, nasal discharge, wheezing, or clicking sounds when breathing. A cockatoo with a respiratory illness may also have a reduced ability to fly or balance. If you notice any of these signs, isolate the bird from other birds and consult an avian veterinarian promptly, as cockatoos can deteriorate quickly.
Common Cockatoo-Specific Illnesses
Cockatoos are susceptible to several diseases that owners should be aware of. Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD) is a viral infection that causes feather loss, beak deformities, and immunosuppression. There is no cure, so early detection is key. Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD) affects the nervous system and digestive tract, leading to weight loss, regurgitation, and passing whole seeds in droppings. This disease is often fatal.
Fatty liver disease is common in cockatoos fed high-fat diets (like too many sunflower seeds). Symptoms include obesity, lethargy, and a greenish tint to the droppings. Respiratory aspergillosis, a fungal infection, is also frequent due to cockatoos’ sensitivity to airborne spores. Finally, reproductive issues like egg binding in females can cause straining, tail bobbing, and lethargy. Regular veterinary checkups, a balanced diet, and a clean environment are essential for prevention.