The most important thing to understand about what Arabian horses eat is that their diet must be carefully managed to support their unique metabolism and energy levels. Arabian horses are known for their endurance and spirited nature, which means they require a balanced diet rich in quality forage, controlled grains, and essential supplements to maintain optimal health.
Our editorial team emphasizes that Arabian horses are efficient eaters and can be prone to obesity and metabolic issues if overfed. Therefore, their feeding regimen should always be tailored to their individual workload, age, and body condition, with a focus on high-fiber hay such as timothy or grass hay, and minimal grain unless they are in heavy training.
Understanding the Arabian Horse's Natural Diet
Arabian horses evolved in the harsh deserts of the Middle East, where food was scarce and often tough. Their digestive systems are adapted to process small, frequent meals of fibrous forage. In the wild, they would graze on sparse grasses, shrubs, and desert plants, which are low in sugar and starch. This heritage means that modern Arabians thrive on a diet that mimics these conditions, primarily consisting of high-quality hay or pasture.
Because they are efficient at extracting nutrients from forage, Arabians can maintain good body condition on less feed than many other breeds. Overfeeding rich grains or lush pasture can lead to rapid weight gain and increased risk of laminitis or colic. We recommend providing free access to clean water and a salt or mineral block, and consulting with an equine nutritionist to design a feeding plan that matches your horse’s specific needs.
Forage: The Foundation of an Arabian Horse's Diet
Forage should make up the majority of an Arabian horse’s diet, typically 1.5 to 2 percent of their body weight per day in hay or pasture. Good options include timothy hay, orchard grass, or Bermuda grass, which provide fiber without excessive calories. Alfalfa hay can be fed but should be limited due to its high protein and calcium content, which can cause issues in some Arabians, especially those prone to kidney stones or developmental orthopedic problems.
If your Arabian has access to pasture, be cautious of lush spring grass, which is high in non-structural carbohydrates. Grazing muzzles or restricted turnout can help prevent overeating. For horses with metabolic conditions, soaking hay reduces sugar content. Always ensure the forage is free of mold and dust to avoid respiratory problems.
Grains and Concentrates for Arabian Horses
Many Arabian horses do not require grains if they are in light work, as their energy needs can be met by forage alone. However, performance horses, growing youngsters, or mares in late pregnancy may benefit from a small amount of concentrate. When feeding grain, choose low-starch options such as beet pulp, rice bran, or a ration balancer designed for easy keepers. Avoid high-sugar feeds like sweet feed, as Arabians are prone to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
We suggest feeding no more than 0.5 to 1 percent of body weight in grain per day, split into two or more meals to reduce the risk of colic and gastric ulcers. Sudden changes in grain type or amount should be avoided; introduce new feeds gradually over a week. Always monitor your horse’s body condition score and adjust grain intake accordingly.
Supplements and Vitamins for Arabian Horses
Arabian horses generally require a balanced mineral and vitamin profile. A good quality free-choice mineral block or a custom supplement can ensure they receive adequate levels of copper, zinc, selenium, and vitamin E. These nutrients support hoof health, coat condition, and immune function. Because Arabians are prone to certain genetic conditions like cerebellar abiotrophy and severe combined immunodeficiency, proper nutrition from birth is critical.
We recommend testing your hay to identify any deficiencies, and then supplementing accordingly. Omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed or fish oil can benefit skin and joint health. Probiotics may help maintain gut health, especially after antibiotic use. Avoid over-supplementing with calcium or phosphorus, as imbalances can lead to developmental issues in young horses.
Feeding Schedule and Water Needs for Arabian Horses
Arabian horses should have access to fresh, clean water at all times. They are known to drink less than some other breeds, but dehydration can still occur, especially in hot climates. Automatic waterers or large buckets should be cleaned daily to prevent algae and bacteria buildup. In winter, heated water sources encourage adequate intake.
Feeding schedules should be consistent, with hay fed at least two to three times per day to mimic their natural grazing pattern. If feeding grain, meals should be spaced at least four hours apart. After exercise, allow the horse to cool down before offering grain or large amounts of water to reduce the risk of colic. We recommend feeding hay before grain to promote saliva production and buffer stomach acid.