Many people think rabbits can live on just carrots and lettuce, but that is far from the truth. A rabbit’s daily diet should be built around unlimited grass hay, fresh leafy greens, and a small portion of pellets. This balance supports their digestive health and dental wear.
Our editorial team emphasizes that hay is the most critical component, making up about 80% of a rabbit’s daily intake. Without it, rabbits can develop serious health issues like gut stasis and dental disease.
The Foundation: Unlimited Grass Hay
Hay is the single most important food for rabbits. It provides the fiber necessary for proper digestion and helps wear down their continuously growing teeth. Good options include timothy hay, orchard grass, or meadow hay. Alfalfa hay is too rich for adult rabbits and should only be given to young or underweight bunnies.
Rabbits should have access to fresh hay at all times. A pile as large as their body size each day is a good starting point. Hay also encourages natural foraging behavior and prevents boredom.
Fresh Leafy Greens: Daily Variety
Leafy greens should be offered daily in amounts about equal to the rabbit’s body size. A good mix includes romaine lettuce, kale, cilantro, parsley, and dandelion greens. Introduce new greens slowly to avoid digestive upset.
Aim for at least three different types of greens per day to ensure a range of nutrients. Avoid iceberg lettuce, as it has little nutritional value. Wash all greens thoroughly before feeding.
Pellets: A Measured Supplement
Pellets should be given in limited quantities. For a medium sized rabbit (5-7 pounds), about 1/8 to 1/4 cup of plain, timothy based pellets per day is sufficient. Too many pellets can lead to obesity and reduce hay consumption.
Choose pellets that are high in fiber (at least 18%) and low in protein and calcium. Avoid mixes with seeds, dried fruit, or colored pieces, as these can be unhealthy.
Treats and Water: Keep It Simple
Treats should be given sparingly. Safe options include small pieces of fruit like apple or banana, or vegetables like carrot. These should make up no more than 5% of the daily diet because of their sugar content.
Fresh, clean water must always be available. Use a heavy bowl instead of a bottle, as it is more natural for rabbits to drink from a bowl and encourages higher water intake. Check water daily and clean the bowl regularly.