You are watching your mare in the pasture, and suddenly she pins her ears, swings her hindquarters, and delivers a sharp kick toward another horse. This behavior can be alarming and confusing, especially if she seems fine otherwise. As horse owners, we know that mares have unique social dynamics and hormonal influences that can trigger kicking.
Kicking is a natural form of communication among horses, but when it becomes frequent or aggressive, it often stems from specific causes related to your mare’s health, environment, or social structure. Understanding these factors can help you address the issue and keep your herd safe.
Hormonal Cycles and Heat Periods in Mares
A mare’s estrous cycle strongly influences her temperament. During heat (estrus), which occurs roughly every 21 days in the breeding season, she may become more irritable and sensitive to other horses. Some mares kick to ward off stallions or geldings that approach too closely, even if she is not actively receptive.
Hormonal fluctuations can cause mood swings similar to PMS in humans. If your mare kicks primarily when she is in heat, it is often a temporary behavior. However, if the kicking is severe or dangerous, speak to your veterinarian about management options such as hormone regulation or separation during peak heat.
- Kicking often coincides with signs of heat: tail raising, winking, frequent urination, and squealing.
- Not all mares show obvious heat signs, but kicking may still increase.
Herd Dynamics and Social Hierarchy
Horses are herd animals with a clear pecking order. Mares can be particularly assertive in establishing or maintaining their rank. If a new horse is introduced or the herd composition changes, your mare may kick to reinforce her position or to discipline a subordinate that gets too close to her food, water, or resting area.
Kicking is often a warning rather than a full-force attack. Watch for preceding signals like pinned ears, head threats, or a lifted hind leg. If your mare is lower in the hierarchy, she may kick defensively when a dominant horse approaches. Providing ample space, multiple feeding stations, and slow introductions can reduce conflict.
- Mares often prefer small, stable groups with familiar companions.
- Removing a bully or providing separate turnout can help if kicking becomes dangerous.
Pain or Discomfort as a Trigger for Kicking
Physical pain is a common but overlooked reason for kicking. Mares may kick other horses that accidentally bump a sore area, such as an arthritic joint, a hoof abscess, or a back problem from an ill-fitting saddle. Even internal discomfort like gastric ulcers or ovarian issues can make a mare grumpy and more likely to lash out.
If the kicking seems unprovoked or occurs when another horse touches a specific spot, schedule a veterinary exam. Check for lameness, back soreness, or dental pain. Also consider that a mare in early pregnancy may become protective and kick to keep others away from her belly.